Cardiovascular – 13 Genes

• Genes: ABCG2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, CYP4F2, SLCO1B1, VKORC1, APOE, F2, F5, ITGB3, MTHFR

• Therapeutic Classes Covered: Statins, anticoagulants, antiplatelets, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, diuretics, antianginal agents, antiarrhythmics, beta blockers

• Drug Examples: fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, warfarin, losartan, torsemide, clopidogrel, ranolazine, flecainide, propafenone, carvedilol, propranolol, atorvastatin, simvastatin

• Risk Management: 

  • ​APOE-Type III Hyperlipoproteinemia

  • F2-Thrombosis

  • F5-Thrombosis

  • ITGB3-Platelet Reactivity

  • MTHFR-Hyperhomocysteinemia‐Thrombosis

 

Diabetes – 3 Genes

• Genes: CYP2C8, CYP2C9, SLCO1B1

• Therapeutic Classes: Meglitinides, thiazolidinediones

• Drug Examples: repaglinide, pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, nateglinide

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Gastroenterology – 7 Genes

• Genes: ABCB1, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, MTHFR, NUDT15, TPMT

• Therapeutic Classes: Antiemetics, proton pump inhibitors, antifolates, thiopurines

• Drug Examples: ondansetron, dronabinol, lansoprazole, omeprazole, dolasetron, methotrexate, azathioprine, mercaptopurine

 

Hematology / Oncology – 9 Genes

• Genes: CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, DPYD, F2, F5, MTHFR, NUDT15, TPMT

• Therapeutic Classes: Taxanes, protein kinase inhibitors, anti-estrogens, fluoropyrimidines, hemostatic agents, antifolates, thiopurines

• Drug Examples: paclitaxel, erdaftinib, tamoxifen, gefitinib, capecitabine, fluorouracil, avatrombopag, eltrombopag, methotrexate, azathioprine, mercaptopurine

 

Infectious Disease – 3 Genes

• Genes: CYP2B6, CYP2C19, DPYD

• Therapeutic Classes: Anti-HIV agents, antifungals

• Drug Examples: efavirenz, voriconazole, flucytosine

 

Neurology – 3 Genes

• Genes: CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6

• Therapeutic Classes: Anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, antidementia agents, other neurological agents

• Drug Examples: fosphenytoin, phenytoin, brivaracetam, phenobarbital, primidone, clobazam, flibanserin, donepezil, galantamine, tetrabenazine, valbenazine

 

Pain – 7 Genes

• Genes: COMT, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, OPRM1

• Therapeutic Classes: Opioids, NSAIDs, muscle relaxants

• Drug Examples: morphine, tizanidine, methadone, celecoxib, carisoprodol, codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, tramadol, fentanyl

 

Psychiatry – 14 Genes

• Genes: ADRA2A, ANKK1, COMT, CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, DRD2, GRIK4, HTR2A, HTR2C, OPRM1, ANKK1, MTHFR

• Therapeutic Classes: Anti-ADHD agents, antidepressants, antipsychotics, benzodiazepines, antiaddictives

• Drug Examples: dexmethylphenidate, methylphenidate, bupropion, amphetamine, clozapine, olanzapine, amitriptyline, citalopram, sertraline, paroxetine, venlafaxine, vortioxetine, aripiprazole, haloperidol, risperidone, diazepam, naltrexone

• Risk Management: 

  • ANKK1: Antipsychotic‐Induced Hyperprolactinemia, Tardive Dyskinesia, Weight Gain

  • MTHFR: Hyperhomocysteinemia ‐ Depression

Specimen Types: Buccal swab
 

Turnaround Time: Typically 5–7 business days from specimen receipt
 

Report Includes:

• List of detected variants

• Impact on drug metabolism (poor, intermediate, normal, rapid, ultra-rapid metabolizer status)

• Clinical recommendations based on CPIC guidelines

• Color-coded drug response indicators (e.g., use as directed, use with caution, avoid)

Included: Buccal swab kit, transport tube, biohazard bag, test requisition form, prepaid return label
 

Steps:

1. Avoid food, drink, or gum for 30 minutes before collection

2. Rub swab firmly along inner cheek for 30–60 seconds

3. Place swab in transport tube and seal

4. Complete requisition form and place in pouch

5. Return via prepaid label or arranged courier

Q: Who benefits from PGx testing?
A: Patients starting new medications, those with a history of side effects, or those on multiple prescriptions.

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Q: How does PGx improve treatment?
A: It tailors medication selection and dosing to a patient’s genetic profile, improving efficacy and safety.

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Q: Will results affect current prescriptions?
A: In many cases, yes—providers may adjust medications or doses based on results.

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Q: Is testing covered by insurance?
A: Coverage varies; many insurers reimburse PGx testing with supporting medical necessity documentation.

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Q: How long are results valid?
A: Genetic results do not change over time and can be used for life.